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image of cycling for triathlon in the olympics
The Olympic Museum Library

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Triathlon & Paratriathlon

Triathlon and Paratriathlon races are multisport challenges with 3 event milestones: swimming, cycling, and running. From the intense physical demands to the mental toughness and inspiring stories of triumph, keep reading as we uncover the achievements of triathletes and para-triathletes at the U.S. Olympic & Paralympic Museum in Colorado Springs, CO.

Triathlon in the Olympics

Triathlons rapidly grew in popularity throughout the 1980s and 1990s after starting the sport’s debut in the 1970s, with the first official triathlon taking place in 1974. One of the most common formats is the Olympic distance triathlon, which includes 1.5 km swim, a 40 minute bike ride, and a 10 km run showcasing the sport’s versatility and athletes endurance and strength. Triathlons also feature various other distances, such as the sprint distance (750 m swim, 20 km bike, 5 km run) and the Ironman (3.8 km swim, 180 km bike, 42.2 km run), further highlighting the diverse challenges athletes face.

Triathlon was first introduced to the Olympics at the 2000 Sydney Games, which featured men’s and women’s individual events. The triathlon competition continued at the 2008 Beijing Olympics, where it was part of the official program. The 2020 Tokyo Olympics showcased both individual and mixed relay triathlon events, further expanding the sport’s presence in the Olympic arena.

Several team U.S.A. athletes competed in Olympic triathlon events. Gwen Jorgensen won gold in the women’s triathlon at the 2016 Rio Olympics, Sheila Taormina earned a bronze medal in the women’s triathlon at the 2000 Sydney Olympics.

The Olympic Museum Library

Fun Facts About Olympic Triathlons

  • The order of triathlon events (swim, then bike, then run) Primarily designed to test athletes’ versatility and endurance across different disciplines. While safety is a consideration, the format allows for a clear separation between each segment, enhancing the competitive nature of the race​.
  • Triathletes must possess a diverse skill set, excelling in speed and adaptability. They need to quickly change gears, adjust their mindset, and maintain momentum throughout the race, which is essential for optimal performance. While the term “transition specialists” is not widely recognized, effective transitions can significantly impact race outcomes. Athletes often train to minimize the time spent during transitions from swim to bike and bike to run, which can make the difference between winning and losing​

Paratriathlon in the Paralympics

image of Paratriathlon athletes
Photo by Joe Kusumoto/Courtesy U.S. Olympic & Paralympic Committee Allysa Seely overcame a 90-second deficit with a spectacular run to claim gold in a Team USA triathlon sweep.

Paratriathlon was introduced to the Olympics at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro. However, before para triathlon was announced as a Paralympic sport, it had been challenged at various international events, including the World Championships organized by the International Triathlon Union (ITU).

The official recognition by the International Paralympic Committee and its inclusion in the Paralympics raised awareness of the new sport for those with disabilities.
There were six medal events for Paratriathletes at the 2016 Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, representing different categories based on the type of athletes’ physical impairments. These categories included:

  • PTWC – Physically Challenged Wheelchair Athletes
  • PTS2 – Athletes with a disability impacting the lower body
  • PTS3 – Athletes with a disability impacting the upper body
  • PTS4 – Athletes with a more significant impairment on both lower and upper limbs.
  • PTS5 – Lower limb impairments but retain greater functionality in their upper body
  • PTVI – Visually Impaired Athletes, paired with a guide
  • PTWC – Wheelchair athletes competing in a modified format


Several U.S. athletes competed in Olympic paratriathlon events. Grace Norman won gold in the PTS5 category at the 2020 Tokyo Paralympics and the 2016 Rio Paralympics, making her a two-time Paralympic champion. Kendall Gretsch won gold in the PTS2 category at the 2020 Tokyo Paralympics, and Allysa Seely won gold in the PTVI category at the 2020 Tokyo Paralympics.

Fun Facts About Paralympic Paratriathlons

  • Paratriathlon is one of the newer sports in the Olympic Games.
    Paratriathlon is open to athletes with a wide range of physical impairments, making it one of the most inclusive sports for Paralympic athletes.
  • Unlike the traditional Olympic triathlon distance, the Paralympic paratriathlon is a sprint event, covering 750 meters of swimming, 20 kilometers of cycling, and 5 kilometers of running.

Notable moments

EXPLORE HALL OF FAME ATHLETES BY SPORT

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